23 Maehe, 2021 Te Whakawhanaketanga Ōhanga
I tukuna e te World Intellectual Property Organization tētahi pūrongo hou i tēnei rā, e kī ana i ngā tau tata nei, ko te auahatanga o te "Hangarau Āwhina" hei āwhina i te wikitoria i ngā mahi a te tangata, te tirohanga, me ētahi atu arai me ngā raruraru kua whakaatu i tētahi "tipu rua-mati", ā, kua tata haere te whakakotahitanga o tēnei ki ngā taonga hokohoko o ia rā.
I mea atu a Marco El Alamein, te Kaiwhakahaere Matua Tuarua mō te Taonga Hinengaro me te Pūnaha Auaha, "I tēnei wā, neke atu i te 1 piriona tāngata o te ao e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i te hangarau Āwhina. I te piki haere o te kaumātuatanga o te taupori, ka rua te pikinga o tēnei tau i roto i te tekau tau e whai ake nei."
I roto i te pūrongo "WIPO 2021 Technology Trend Report: Assistive Technology" i kīia ai, mai i te whakapai tonu i ngā hua o nāianei ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau hou, ka taea e te auahatanga i roto i te mara o "Assistive technology" te whakapai ake i te oranga o te hunga hauā me te āwhina i a rātou ki te mahi, ki te kōrero me te mahi i roto i ngā taiao rerekē. Ko te whakakotahitanga rauropi me ngā hikohiko kaihoko he mea whai hua ki te hokohoko tonu o tēnei hangarau.
E whakaatu ana te pūrongo, i roto i ngā patent i tukuna i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 1998-2020, neke atu i te 130000 ngā patent e pā ana ki te hangarau Āwhina, tae atu ki ngā tūru wīra ka taea te whakarite kia rite ki ngā whenua rerekē, ngā whakaoho taiao, me ngā taputapu tautoko Braille. I roto i ēnei, ko te maha o ngā tono patent mō te hangarau Āwhina hou i eke ki te 15592, tae atu ki ngā karetao āwhina, ngā tono kāinga atamai, ngā taputapu mau mō te hunga he ngoikore te tirohanga, me ngā mōhiti atamai. Ko te toharite o ngā tono patent i ia tau i piki ake mā te 17% i waenga i te tau 2013 me te tau 2017.
E ai ki te pūrongo, ko te hangarau taiao me te mahi ā-ringa ngā wāhanga e rua e tino kaha ana ki te auahatanga i roto i te hangarau Āwhina hou. Ko te tere tipu ā-tau toharite o ngā tono patent he 42% me te 24%. Kei roto i te hangarau taiao hou ngā āwhina whakatere me ngā karetao āwhina i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, ko te auahatanga hangarau pūkoro ko ngā tūru wīra motuhake, ngā āwhina taurite, ngā tokotoko atamai, ngā "pūeru io" i hangaia e te hangarau tā 3D, me te "Kōiwi Kakahu" ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha me te nekenekehanga.
Te Taunekeneke Tangata-Rorohiko
I kī te whakahaere mō ngā mana whenua, tae noa ki te tau 2030, ka nui ake te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau taunekeneke tangata-rorohiko, ka taea ai e te tangata te whakahaere pai ake i ngā taputapu hiko uaua pēnei i ngā rorohiko me ngā waea atamai. I taua wā anō, kua nui ngā whanaketanga o te whakahaere taiao me te hangarau āwhina whakarongo e whakahaerehia ana e te roro tangata i ngā tau tata nei, e whakarato ana i te āwhina nui ake mō te hunga he ngoikore te whakarongo, tae atu ki te haurua o te maha o ngā tono patent i tēnei mara ko te whakaurunga Cochlear matatau ake.
E ai ki te WIPO, ko te hangarau tino tere tipu i roto i te ao o te whakarongo ko te "taputapu kawe wheua" kore-whakaeke, ā, kua piki ake ngā tono pateni ā-tau mā te 31%, ā, kei te kaha haere hoki tōna whakaurunga ki ngā hikohiko kaihoko noa me ngā hangarau hauora.
I mea atu a Irene Kitsara, te Āpiha Mōhiohio o te Tari Taonga Hinengaro me te Auahatanga o te Whakahaere Taonga Hinengaro, "Ka taea e tātou te kite inaianei kei te hokona tika ngā taputapu whakarongo e mau ana i te mahunga kua whakaaetia e te US Food and Drug Administration i ngā toa whānui, ā, e kitea ana he hua hiko hei painga mō te hunga kāore he ngoikore o te whakarongo. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te hangarau "Bone conduction" mō ngā taringaoro i hangaia mō ngā kaioma."
Huringa Matauranga
Kua kī ngā whakahaere mō ngā mana whenua, ka haere tonu te whanaketanga o ngā ngaru "mātauranga" tuku iho, pērā i ngā "nāpi atamai" me ngā karetao āwhina whāngai pēpi, arā, e rua ngā auahatanga paionia i te ao tiaki whaiaro.
I mea atu a Kisala, "Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i taua hangarau ki te hauora matihiko hei āwhina i te whakapai ake i te hauora o te tangata. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka puta tonu mai ngā hua rite, ā, ka kaha ake te whakataetae mākete. Ko ētahi hua utu nui kua kiia he kaupapa motuhake, ā, he kaupapa motuhake, ka tīmata hoki te heke o te utu."
E whakaatu ana te tātaritanga o ngā raraunga tono patent a WIPO ko Haina, te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana, Hapani, me Kōrea ki te Tonga ngā puna matua e rima o te auahatanga hangarau āwhina, ā, kua piki ake te maha o ngā tono mai i Haina me Kōrea ki te Tonga i ia tau, i ia tau, kua tīmata tēnei ki te whakakorikori i te tūranga rangatira roa o te Hononga o Amerika me Hapani i roto i tēnei mara.
E ai ki te WIPO, i roto i ngā tono pateni i te mara o te hangarau Āwhina hou, ko ngā whare wānanga, me ngā umanga rangahau tūmatanui ngā mea tino rongonui, e 23% o ngā kaitono, ko ngā kaihanga motuhake ia ngā kaitono matua o te hangarau Āwhina tuku iho, e 40% o ngā kaitono katoa, ā, neke atu i te kotahi hautoru o rātou kei Haina.
I kī te WIPO kua whakatairangahia e te mana pupuri hinengaro te tipu o te auahatanga hangarau āwhina. I tēnei wā, kotahi tekau noa iho o te tangata o te ao e whai wāhi atu ana ki ngā hua āwhina e hiahiatia ana. Me whakatairanga tonu te ao whānui i te auahatanga o te hangarau āwhina i raro i te anga o te Kawenata mō ngā Tika o te Hunga Hauātanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao me te WHO, me te whakatairanga anō i te rongonuitanga o tēnei hangarau hei painga mō te tini o te tangata.
Mō te Whakahaere Taonga Hinengaro o te Ao
Ko te World Intellectual Property Organization, kei Geneva tōna tari matua, he huihuinga nui o te ao mō te whakatairanga i ngā kaupapa here, ngā ratonga, ngā mōhiohio, me te mahi tahi mō ngā taonga hinengaro. Hei tari motuhake o te United Nations, ka āwhina a WIPO i ōna whenua mema 193 ki te whakawhanake i tētahi anga ture mō ngā taonga hinengaro o te ao e whakataurite ana i ngā painga o ngā rōpū katoa, ā, e tutuki ana hoki i ngā hiahia o te whanaketanga pāpori tonu. Ka whakaratohia e te whakahaere ngā ratonga pakihi e pā ana ki te whiwhi mana taonga hinengaro me te whakatau i ngā tautohe i roto i ngā whenua maha, tae atu ki ngā kaupapa whakapakari kaha hei āwhina i ngā whenua whakawhanake kia whai hua mai i te whakamahinga o ngā taonga hinengaro. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaratohia hoki he urunga kore utu ki ngā putunga mōhiohio taonga hinengaro motuhake.
Wā tuku: 11 o Ākuhata 2023
